Their calendars later became portions of the large Aztec calendar stones. They left celestial-cycle records indicating their belief that the creation of the world occurred in 3114 BCE. This culture and its related predecessors spread across Central America between 2600 BCE and 1500 CE, reaching their apex between 250 and 900 CE. In contrast, the Mayans of Central America relied not only on the Sun and Moon but also the planet Venus to establish 260-day and 365-day calendars. Based on this knowledge, they devised a 365-day calendar that seems to have begun around 3100 BCE, which thus seems to be one of the earliest years recorded in history.īefore 2000 BCE, the Babylonians (in today's Iraq) used a year of 12 alternating 29-day and 30-day lunar months, resulting in a 354-day year. The earliest Egyptian calendar was based on the Moon’s cycles, but later the Egyptians realized that the “Dog Star” in Canis Major (which today’s astronomers call Sirius) rose next to the Sun every 365 days, about when the annual inundation of the Nile began.
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